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Labour Market, Job Reintegration, Regulation of Labour, Setting Up a Business, Bank- and Credit-System
Generally spoken the situation on the labour market is critical. There is more Mozambican labour as the companies can supply working places. The government does not declare an unemployment rate, however, some estimates figures say it is somewhere between 50 % and 70 %. About half of the unemployed persons have a certain level of education. Many would live in the cities of Maputo, Beira, Nampula and in the surroundings of Maputo. Quite some young people with manual skills, who cannot find any work in Mozambique, would cross the border in the hope of meeting better possibilities in neighbouring South Africa.
Medium and highly educated persons are searched a lot in Mozambique. There is need for university lecturers, doctors, engineers, masters, managers and pilots. However, also manual skills are demanded in areas such as: Health sector, teaching, economists, tourism, banking, accountancy, IT-branch, electro-technics, graphical sector, alimentation production, agriculture, fishing industry, construction, gas winning, mining industry and transport.
Getting a job in Mozambique depends a lot on the education and the professional experience. It is most important to have either a professional or an academically diploma. Being able to speak Portuguese, English, French or German will raise the chances. For people with low education and those aged over 35 it is very hard to find a job.
Mozambique does not have a law that protects unemployed. The people who look for jobs are not supported in anything or receive anything from the government, just the family support them.
The government of Mozambique on behalf of the Ministry of Labour is trying to give free resources to the unemployed on behalf of INEFP (Instítuto Nacional de Emprego e Formaçaõ Profisional) which is the only support that a person gains. The people who receive subsides are the pensioned, and the families of the ones who died while working.
Mozambique does not have the system of insurance for unemployed. Insurance is done individually. There is no law for these cases in the labour law of Mozambique.
The state of Mozambique offers some help to find a job. The person looking for a job takes the equivalenced diplomas and certificates together with the curriculum vitae to the Ministry of Work. An application form will be handed out to fill in. Based on this, the registration of the candidate will be made. For people living in Maputo Province the responsible office is the ‘Ministerio do Trabalho’, in all other provinces the demand has to be addressed to the ‘Direcção de Trabalho’.
There are no contact places for information in the companies. Useful addresses are:
Ministério do Trabalho
Av. 24 de Julho No 2395, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 42 70 51 / 2
Direcções Provinciais de Trabalho
Direcções Districtais de Trabalho
INEFP (Instituto Nacional Emprego e Formação Profissional)
Av. 24 de Julho No 2395, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 9 31 17 74 / 5
ADECOMA
Av. 24 de Julho No 3302, 1st floor, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 40 90 85
E-mail: foia@zebra.uem.mz
Website: http://www.getjobs.net
In Mozambique the enterprises publish their vacancies in various newspapers. However, it might be more efficient to listen around, as jobs are sometimes to be found in a non-formal way. It is as well worthwhile asking directly at the company or the organisation non-governmental, if there are any vacancies. Vacancy can be found in the following newspapers:
Website:
http://www.getjobs.net
To apply for a vacancy t is necessary that the person can elaborate the following documents:
If the employer is interested, an interview at the workplace will be agreed. The interview can be oral or written and its aim is, to check the knowledge and get to know the personality of the candidate. It is good advice to prepare this meeting carefully in advance.
The government agencies are only consulted provincially. They are connected to the Ministry of Labour.
The costs from agency to agency .The state agencies don’t cost anything. In the private ones the people pay from their salary in their companies because these ones recute people to the mines in RSA.
ADECOMA does not work for the state and its costs depend on the salary that the person will gain on a base of 50 Euros. They provide work for a lot of people more than the agencies of the state. The privat ones move a lot of people.
Its possible to have direct contact between the company the people calling the company to set for appointments and saying what they intend. If its for applying the necessary documents will be due.
An employment contract between a company and a private person is always subordinated to the national law of work. The contract must contain a description of the work, number of working hours and the salary. A person must not be forced to sign a contract. Part time jobs can be offered by any companies but must be defined in a contract, too.
The employment contract has to be in a written form and contain following elements:
Short term employment up to one month, does not necessarily need a written contract. For insurance reasons it is advisable to ask for a contract, as all people working somewhere without having a proper contract (black labour market), are not insured in case of accident or illness.
The paper must carry official stamp and signature, no modifications are accepted.
Government employees, who passed an exam abroad and now come back to the same job, must get an officially approved translation of the diploma only.
All other job-seekers sent the foreign diploma in to get an approval for the Mozambican labour market. It is wise NOT to send the original, but a copy of the diploma, which has been attested by a notary. Depending on the diploma, the process can vary. But in every case it is necessary, to fill in an application form.
Professional diplomas get approved by the ‘Ministério da Educação’ or by the ‘Direction do Departamento das Equivalências’ (addresses see further down).
Academically diplomas and papers about Higher Education get approved by the ‘Ministério do Ensino Superior & Tecnológico’. The demand will be forwarded to the according faculty.
Common working times in offices around Maputo would be from 7.30 until 15.30 with a compulsory lunch-break of thirty minutes. However, in public services like hospitals or restaurants or in private industry, the working hours can be much higher. Every employee must get one free day every week, usually it would be Sunday. So far there is no maximum working time given by the Mozambican law. Good advice is again, negotiating good working conditions in the individual employment contract. Some few companies have their internal syndicate watching over the general working conditions.
Bank holidays must be respected by the employers. Public services have to stay open, in this case the working employees must get another free day instead.
All people doing a work have the right for a salary. The salary depends directly on the economical outcoming of a company. Another factor to influence the amount of the salary is the general economical development of the country. The government defines a minimal monthly salary. The latest information which was available in September 2002 was the amount of 814;000 Mts a month. However, for people having a good level of education, the amount will be a lot higher.
Costs for transport to and from the workplace is usually paid by the company. Some of the bigger enterprises have their own pick up for the employees.
The government promotes and co-ordinates the initiative to work out solutions for fundamental problems for citizens and to harmonise social and regional differences. The government encouraged the elaboration of a special paper, to satisfy the essential requirements of the working population. This document about economical and developing situation of the state is valorised as a contribution of the population, underlining their capacity and creativity. In the Republic of Mozambique the industry an important factor to measure the impulse in the national economy.
In Mozambique various facilitation are in force to start either a small business or a big company.
State owned companies are eventually put on the market in the scope of privatisation. The growing foreign investment, promoted by the Mozambican government, opens another economical perspective. However, foreign companies are accepted in most sectors, but some branches are kept under the government.
The program of foundation of companies or businesses in the cities and t process which helps the vulnerable people in Mozambique and helps economic development of the country. The program has helped lot of people in the acquisition of auto jobs and is opened to every citizen without a lot of demands, but it points the following aspects. See if:
The program of business foundation is supported by state through its program of relief and fight against absolute poverty (PARA) which aims to better the conditions of the poor people.
The courses have 3 types of programs:
Depending on the type of business or company by so being the costs are higher.
Business manager, Market analysis, Financial plan, Business cost and calculations, Estimation of incomes, Profit and loss calculations, Liquidation investigation, Financial manegment, Sales and promotion, Credit manegment, Publicity, Accounting, Planification , Business menagment, Tax calculations
The costs of a formation depend on the duration of the course that the company estimates on a base of 50 to 100 Euros per formation package required.
Democracia e Desenvolvimento, Lei do Trabalho em vigor, Segurança Social, Micro Finanças em Moçambique, Constituição da República, Desenvolvimento Humano em Moçambique, Tantã o tambor na neve, A Alma do lugar, Turismo em Moçambique, A Construção da Democracia Caso Moçambique, Corrupção e a Economia Global, A Cultura de Média – Estudos Culturais, A Democracia Contra o Estado, A Deluição da África, A Grande Tranzição, A Ordem Ambiental, Administração de Qualidade, Administração de Turismo, Antologia Poética, Balanço Social, Bancos Comerciais Múltiplos, Contabilidade, Cargos em Hotelaria, Contabilidade para Hotelaria e Restaurantes, Desenvolvimento Psicológico, Desenvolvimento com Liberdade, Macro Económico, Markting, Maria Antropologia, Negociação Empresarial, O Heroi em Rosto Africano, Politica e Valor, Recepcionista, Probalidade um Curso Introdutório, Anto Agostinho os Pensadores, Estratégia de Gestão, Supervisão de Liderança, Uma Caminhada na Floresta, Um Rio Chamado Tempo, Vida Literária, Desenvolvimento Regional uma Resposta as Crises
A partner may be found in any SADC region but its important when your partner is Mozambican. The person has to be announced in the chamber of commerce, industry association. The Chamber organises meetings of investors and invites other business men. This is a good chance to find someone interested in working with you. The most convenient form is to call the chamber of commerce and the association of labour and industries. There one can be sure to find the right partner. You may also find partners in facim and in the trade faires.
Chambers, the chambers of commerce and associations of business men have the duty of defending the interest of its associates, its legitimates and its right. The Chambers facilitate the contacts with other chambers, give information of possible contacts and partnership research and produce information about the cetuation of the businesspeople of the country. It also has the duty of commercialising the image of the national business or foreign and work as a link to the two.
The process of formation for the commerce activity in Mozambique is done in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Fore these effects you should first have the installation were you intend to exercise your activities and submit the request to the Ministry of Industry and Commerce.
Ministry of Commerce And Industry
Minister of commerce
Nr.300-7 ander praça 25 de junho
Maputo
Tel: +258-1-310844 / 321305 / 327204
Join in duplicates of
The duration of this expedients are of 30 days as the law states in Mozambique. The amount to be paid by each class is of 500,000 Mts. The ones applying for the formation have to have a minimum balance of 25 Million Mts.
The ‘Ministério dos finanços’ will need a documentation of the future business activities. The declaration has to be sent to the district or to the local municipality. Based on this the monthly taxes will be charged. Expect a tax of 35 % calculated on the annual profits, in the agricultural sector only 10 % is charged (February 2002).
In Mozambique just like in any other country the protection of the exclusive industrial rights "the rights of industrial property" is done on bounds of industrial rights or right to property or it exceeds the domain of commercial rights.
It was in this context that the code of property was approved by the decree nr 18/99 of May of which establishes the regime of the labels, models and industrial designs, commercial names and symbols of the logotypes establishments. Besides the code there are important international juridical instruments about the protection of this rights of which our country gained of which is a member just as the conversion of the country to the protection of industrial property of 20 march 1883 agreement of Madrid and the protocol about the internal registration of labels and others.
All this instruments revel in special way the right to property which is known and represents your request in the first place and proved by the notary. On what has to do with the registration requests this activity is reserved for the official agents of industrial property, of which do the competent services in name of their demands as foreseen in the respective regulations of the same date as the code of industrial property.
The requester has 10 years of protection and can renovate. In this way accruing a violent situation of protected rights on a base of this registration the titular of the right has means of defense in the national legislation or international of the administrative and tributary resources.
| Product label and service | Request for protection for 10 years in each class | 350 US$ |
| Request for registration for protection for 10 years in each class | 420 US$ | |
| Request of registration for protection for 10 years of label on base of each class | 280 US$ | |
| Patent | Renovation of registration of label for a new period of 10 years | 450 US$ |
| Model / model of industries | Request for deposit protection for 15 years | 350 US$ |
| Names and symbols of stabilation and logotypes | Request of registration | 350 US$ |
| Informal consults and diverse | 35 US$ | |
| Opposition and complaint | 400 US$ |
Av Zendequias Manganhle nr 520
4 ander flat 8
Tel.: 300208
Fax: 311481
E-Mail: emocapi@tropical.co.mz
Director: Baptista Candido
To find staff you may put an advertisement in the newspapers, or find a labour agency like ADECOMA. The workers may be found in the private labour agencies or through the directory of labour in the government.
The Mozambican labour law states 90 days before resigning the labour post or the employer also has the same time to dismiss his worker. There is also a period of agreement between the worker and employer that they sign and establish rules of dismissal and resignation.
Holidays, communication, aid, medication, assistance, pension, social security, strike, manifests, work insurance, contract, working hours, justice, formation, information, promotion and subsides stated in the working contract law
The salaries in Mozambique depends on the company and the type of job. Example: The state pays very little, yet the private pays more. The following are the bases:
The conditions that the banks input to open an account for a company and the conditions they have are:
During the financial process the bank charges a tax depending on the value that the company wants to process, but there exists a base price of 200,000 Mts (100 Euro) and 15,000,000 Mts (600 Euro). These basic prices are given by the bank but each bank has its own taxes.
Transaction taxes are 50 Euro and can grow depending on the value to be transferred. All people are eligible as long as they have their legal documents.
The offices for the businesses may be found in the large cities, districts, or villages. They maybe bought or hired.
If you want to buy a office you should have legal documents. The person who hires and the owner should both have the titles of ownership, plant of the house, year of construction and see if the house is in conditions to settle.
In case of selling the sales contract should be notified buy the municipal council and the Ministry of Finance. The selling prices vary and depend on the area that the house is located, the prices vary from 20,000 to 500,000 Euro.
The 15/2002 law of the 26 June establishes the source of organisation of the tributary system, stating that the tributary of the single peoples profit is done through the taxes of revenue of the singular people. There are taxes also for the collective people, companies, and industrialists.
The government of Mozambique introduced taxes to charge its physical receipts, to the citizen and the investors in general. The source of charging is done through the Ministry of Plan and Finance.
The percentages of the taxes vary and depend in each service. The real classification of percentage is of 1 % to 40 %.
Existing TaxesFor questions, consult the internet page of the Ministry of
Finance in Mozambique.
http://www.mozambique.mz/governo/mpf/dnpo
There is an income tax on any professional activity in Mozambique, no matter if the amount is declared as a salary, honorarium, fee, commission or subsidy. The current rates (February 2002) are 10 % for a sum over 600,000 Mts and rising to 20 % for a value of 9,600,000 Mts income per month.
In Mozambique it is not yet an obligation to pay insurance for the people who want to open businesses or companies. The only insurance a person needs I when making a bank loan or in a financial institution. The person takes his goods for insurance to the financier.
A future businessman may insure his investments against accidents, robbery, fire, etc. A businessman may insure all type of products, machines, and services but this is an individual issue.
The state has three main lines of insurance:
The people receive their pension when thy achieve a medium age. Women at the age of 60 years, men at the age of 65 years.
The payments vary from company to company. The company pays a certain amount at the Institute of Social Security. This is an obligation for all companies. This amount is taken from each workers salary and deposited in the company. For the companies not registered in this institution the workers are not forced to pay it.
The Company should be registered at the Institute of Social Security of Mozambique to receive a card or registration in the company. The company goes to the Institute of Security and fills in a form with various prices a person can pay depending on his financial condition. The company should have all its documents just as the single people should have bank accounts, copy of ID or passport, a letter from the company working for or from the bank having deposited the money.
The founds for starting a business depends on the size of the business that the person wants to practise. There is also a business scale, just like the companies the initial amount is 200 Euro and it may be more money. The money should be deposited in a bank and you should present the last extract as an element of prove of the last two days.
For the short term investments the prices are normally sold in a title of promotion, so that they finish quickly. Most products in Mozambique come from the neighbour countries. In the centre and north of the country the prices are higher and in the south they are lower. This is because the buying market is nearer to the south.
Land
In Mozambique has a law to protect all national citizen. The law "Land for all " prohibits the selling of land. Land for habitation in conformidity with the law of the country is distributed to the interested with a payment of 1.500.00 Mts. Because the need is high the owners of lands in the preferred parts of the town sell their land in higher prices of 5.000.000 Mts to 100.000.000 Mts. This business is done between the owner and the interested one, and the state does the process of name changing. The contractions depend on each one.
Further Costs
Electricity, Water, Housing, Telephone, Vehicles
Banco Austral Sarl.
Av. 25 de Setembro 1202, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 42 54 68
Banco Comercial e de Investimento Sarl.
Av.: 25 de Setembro 1465, Maputo
Tel. (01) 30 77 77
Banco de Desenvolviment e Comercio
Av. 25 de Setembro 420, Maputo,
Tel.: (01) 31 30 40
Banco de fumento Sarl.
Av. Julius Nyerere 1076, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 49 40 10
Banco Efisa
Rua de Impresa 264, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 30 77 06
Banco Internacional de Comercio
Av. 24 de Julho 3549, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 40 40 80
Banco Internacional de Moc.
Av. Samora Machel 247, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 42 93 90
Banco Standard Totta
Av. 25 de Setembro 2614, Maputo
Tel.: (01) 42 73 55
The rural action development plan consists of four programs:
| Name | Product Terms Methodology |
| ADECOMO – associacaõ de dificiantes Mocambicanos | Product: loans Terms: 6 months to 2 years Interest rate: 10 bis 30 % per year Methodology: individual loans and in groups |
| Associação de Progresso | Product: Agricultural credits Interest rate: 20 % fixed 12 months Reimbursement at the end of the period Methodology: individual and group credit |
| Caixa comunitário de crédito e poupança (CCCP) |
Product: business Terms: 45 % per month Methodology: client should belong to an association and each institution of solidary group of 5 members |
| Caixa de mulheres rurais (CMR) |
Product: Agriculture, constraction, health and education Terms: 24 % per year an economy credit of 36 % per year a month of agricultural loans |
| CAWANA – Cidade de Nampula | Product: communitary economy Terms: 18 % per year Methodology: conceit of the credit union |
| CRESCE | Product: Agricultural and others Terms: interest 35 %per year in 10 % of forced economy in credit, 3 to 6 months |
| FISH – Financial Services for Houseolds (Serviços Financeiros Dométicos) |
Methodology: solidary groups (4 to 5 members and individual credits) |
| FOS (Fundo de Cooperação de Desenvolvimento) |
Product: loans Terms: interest rate of 3 % per month forthnight payment 6 months 400 US$ medium quality of loan Methodology: group credit (3 to 5 members, farmers, fishers and fish vendors |
| HELP AGE International | Product: credit Terms: small businesses 24 %per year 8 to 50 months for reimbursement for fishing 30 % per year for reimbursement for agriculture 20 % reimbursement in 2 years groups of only 3 to 4 members |
| HELVETAS – Balcão de Crécito | Product: Credit Terms: 3 to 6months 10 % per year and 25 % per year depending on client Methodology: individual credits and solidary groups |
| Fideração Mundial Luterrana (FML) |
Product: individual, collective and solidary group loans Terms: compulsory economy of 16 %of the loan quality, 48 % per year or 4 % per month in a decline balance loan of 2 to 9 months Commerce ,agricultural, products and services |
| MBEU Associação para a promoção do Desenvolvimento Económico e Sócio-Cultural da Mulher |
Product: credit 45 %per year,15 % of loan guarantee of
each payment cycle of 6 weeks of regular compulsory economy Methodology: solidary and individual groups |
| MEDA | Product: 45 %per year,15% per year of loan guarantee 4 months 16igual payments of capital interest |
| OJDR Organização da Juventude para o Desenvolvimento Rural |
Product: economy credit and formation Micro-industry interest of 20 % year Micro-commerce interest of 25 %/year |
| SOCREMO Sociedade de Crédito de Moçambique Projecto de criação de Micro-Empresas e Formação de Micro Empresários |
Product: credit Terms: tax of 5 % of loan amount 2 to 12 months an interest of 39 % per year, decline base Methodology: individual loan |
| WORLD RELIEF | Product: economy credit Terms: 20 % cycle of 4 months equal payment Methodology: comunitary banks (24-30 members) and individual loans, commerce agricultural services |
| Visão Mundial – World Vision | Product: credit Terms: 3 months interest of 35 % per year of application tax, bimensal reembolse Methodology: banks, communitaries groups and individual loans |
| CARE | Product: loans Methodology: solidary groups for commercial and collective loans through the association of agriculture |
| ECOTEC | Products: loans Methodology: solidary groups 5 % of the loan amount of forced economy. Terms: a tax of processing of 4 % and 5 % of the minimum amount of economy loan cycle: 4 months monthly payment of 36 % per year effective tax of 77 % per year |
| IDIL/UNIDO | Product: loan Industry of small scales zambezia |
| UNCDF – Fundo de capital de Nampula | Communitary banks |
| SCMZ Poupança e crédito para Micro-Empresas na Zambézia |
Product: loan Urben commerce Methodology: solidary groups and individuals. |
| TXUMA Cooperativa de crédito e poupanças |
Product: economy Methodology: solidary groups and individuals |
| Conselho Municipal das uniões de crédito (WOCCU) |
Product: credit and economy zambezia |
Individual proponent
Company
The availability request only initiates after the payment of the taxes. The referred amount covers the services of initiating the process of the availability of the presented project. This amount is not refunded in case the project is not approved.
The investment in small and medium companies include all investments to initiate a business, to develop new products and improve the working conditions, modernise the equipment and expand the production.
The durability of this credit varies between 1 and 5 years. In exceptional cases it maybe extended for an additional period to negotiate. The interest rate depends on the quality of the request in economic and financial terms and on the guaranteed quality.
The banks of Mozambique have 3 lines of credits for short, medium and long period.
The credit may be collective or individual, as long as two people sign a term of agreement and is approved judicially.
If a credit is required, different steps have to be fulfilled. The Mozambican banks are likely to ask for:
Depending on the volume of the desired credit, there are possibilities of financement on different levels:
General Requirements
Admission requirements for Companies
Admission Requirements for Individuals
Actual interest rate: The interest rate depends on each bank. The banks decide the interest rate with the base of 40 % and on the requested amount.
Nominal Interest Rate: The rates vary from bank to bank with the base of 40 %. The rate charged also depends on the requested amount.
Credit period: 10 years
Redemption: 100 %
Interest fixing duration: 10 years
Maximum Amount: 200,000 Euro
Collateral for credit: House, cars, furniture and land. These goods have to achieve 50%of the amount to be financed.
Concession Tax: 5 %
Application Process
It is good advice to contact an advisory institution, which can supply current information about credit possibilities:
GPE/GTZ
Av. 24 de Julho 2395, Maputo
Tel.: 31 17 74 / 5
Socremo
Av. 24 de Julho 426, Maputo
Tel.: 49 94 09 / 49 97 71
GAPI
Rua de Mekumbura 434
Tel.: 49 15 05
Fax: 49 18 27
E-mail: gapi@gapi.co.mz
MOZG Mocamique Gestao
Av 24 de Julho 2395, Maputo
Tel.: 31 17 74
GPE Ministerio de Trabalho
AMODER
Av Salvador Allende 1164
Tel.: 49 04 84
Fax: 30 34 84
MOFOR- Mocambique Formacao
Av 24 de Julho 2395
Tel.: 31 17 75
Mbeu
Rua Comandante Moura Braz 31
Tel.: 40 11 94 / 5
Care international
Av Martires da Muada 596
Tel.: 49 20 64 /5; 49 26 68
E-mail: carem@caremoz.uem.mz
UGC Uniao Geral das Cooperativas
Av Agostinho Neto 714, Maputo,
Tel.: 43 02 29 / 43 16 17
Fax: 30 67 38
E-Mail: ugcapm@tropical.co.mz
PROFOG Progama de Formacao Geral
TXUMA, Av. 24 de Julho 1913/1917 Maputo
Tel.: 30 77 49
The funds given by the private lenders are very little. They exist only for short and medium period. These funds are defined as micro financing which are just for businesses of little duration. The evolution does not exceed 1 to 6 months and the founds vary from 500 to 50,000 Euro.
The finance for micro projects have a duration of 1 to 5 years depending on the project. Its finance is of 5,000 to 200,000 Euro. For this finance the government should obey certain requirements.
Other financing programs exist for farmers, called credit for rural development. Duration is 3 to6 months and the amount varies from 200 to 1,000 Euro. This financing also circulates in informal markets without depending in any special requirement.
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