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Harbor- and Airport Procedure, Transportation, Communication, Costs of Living, Supply and Care, Medical Care, Discriminated Groups, Educational System, Adult- and Further Education
Freight Rates of Ocean going Vessels
| Route | Distance (n.m.) | Freight (US$)* | Rate/nautical mile |
| Manila - Kaoshiong | 547 | 300.00 | 0.55 |
| Manila - Hongkong | 633 | 250.00 | 0.39 |
| Manila - Singapore | 1,308 | 350.00 | 0.27 |
| Singapore - Manila | 1,308 | 530.00 | 0.40 |
| Manila - Bankok | 1,485 | 600.00 | 0.40 |
| Manila - Jakarta | 1,308 | 650.00 | 0.41 |
| Jakarta - Manila | 1,308 | 850.00 | 0.54 |
* Excludes Terminal Handling Fee of P 3,220 and Documentation Fee of US$ 20
Source: Philippine Shippers' Bureau
This is the most common and inexpensive mode of transportation in the Philippines. The first 3 kilometers cost P 4 and each successive kilometer costs P 1.
Buses are classified into non-aircon and airconditioned. The non-aircon buses cost P 4 and an additional P 1 for every successive kilometer. Airconditioned buses are more expensive. It costs P 9 and an additional P 1 for every successive kilometer.
There are lots of Taxis in the Philippines, especially in big cities. Almost all taxis are airconditioned. The Flagdown for the first 500 meters is P 25 and an additional P 2 has to be paid for every 250 meters thereafter.
These are motorcycles / bicycles with a sidecar attached for short trips on the side streets. They cost about P 12 for special trips.
These are overhead railway system that currently run in Metro Manila. The fare costs about P 9.50 to P 15.
Within the Philippines there is a good flight connection. The one-way-fare per person for a domestic flight is about P 1,000 to P 3,500.
Unleaded: 18.40 to 19.10
Diesel: 13.97 to 14.40
Kerosene: 13.61 to 14.22
LPG : 235 to 285
The postal service is managed by PHILPOST.
Ordinary Mail up to 2 kg cost P 5 to P 120, Priority mail P 10 to P 130. It is also possible to use the express mail service for P 20 to P 150. Registered mail costs P 10 to P 125 and an registration fee of P 5.
Airmail Letters of 20 g below to 1 kg cost about P 11 to P 665. For more than 1 kg there is an additional fee.
Aerogram and Postcards to all coutries via airmail cost p 8.
Packes can be sent in three different sizes: small, medium and large for the fixes prices of P 20, P 35 and P 65.
It ist possible to rent a P.O. Box at the Post office. The P.O. Box Key Charge is P 70 and the Postal ID fee is P 75. The storage fee per day is P 3.
Source: Philippine Postal Corporation, effective Jan. 1, 2001 per Admi., Order 00-09 & 00-10
DHL Philippines Corp. Is a nationwide door-to-door courier service. The service rates depend on the distance and the weight of the item.
| Weight | Luzon | Visayas | Mindanao |
| Litepak 250 grams | P 50.00 | P 55.00 | P 60.00 |
| 251 gms – 1 kilo | P 80.00 | P 88.00 | P 96.00 |
| Add-on per kilo or a fraction thereof | P 40.00 | P 48.00 | P 56.00 |
Source: DHL Philippines Corp.
Lots of people in the Philippines have access to telephones, especially in big cities.
Residents need to pay US$ 38 for the prepaid landline an US$ 12 for insallation. Telephones for businesses are more expensive. The line cost US$ 38 and the installation US$ 24.
There are five big mobile phone companies in the Philippines: Globe, Smart, Express Telecomm, Mobiline and Islacom. Prices vary Prices vary, depending on the model, the telecom company’s pre-paid phone kits and special promos, between US$ 17 and US$ 600. The unit costs 0.15 US$ per minute.
International calls cost about US$ 0.40 for the first minute and additionally US$ 0.40 for each succeeding minute. These are prices for calls to ASEAN countries, Hongkong, Macao and South Korea.
Makati
Renting a House: P 50,000 – P 250,000
Renting Condo Unit (2-bedroom): P 40,000 – P 170,500
Buying a House: P 9 – 25 million
Ortigas/San Juan
Renting a House: P 55,000 – P 180,000
Renting a Condo Unit: P 35,000 – P 70,000
Alabang
Renting a House: P 20,000 – P 250,000
Source: FPD Savills
The following prices are exclusive of 10 % service charge, and 10 % VAT.
| Commodity | Guide Price (in Pesos) |
| Canned Fish, Sardines (115 g) | 8.25 |
| Detergent Bars (480 g) | 14 to 23 |
| Evaporated Milk (370 ml) Condensed Milk (300 ml) Powdered Milk |
17.50 19.50-21.50 24.00-27.00 |
| Pork (1 kg) | 110 |
| Beef (1 kg) | 140 |
| Dressed Chicken (1 kg) | 80 |
| Instant Coffee, Refill (50 g) | 18.50 to 24 |
| Refined sugar (1 kg) Brown sugar (1 kg) | 23 20 |
| Rice (1 kg) | 18 to 25 |
| Cooking Oil (1 Liter) | 30 |
| Laundry soup (480 g) | 21 |
Safe drinking water is being provided to about 86 % of the total population. In Metro Manila, the total population directly served by Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) through its two concessionaires are as follows: (a) 7.512 million for water, (representing 62.7 % of the 12 million total population under MWSS service area); and (b) 917,000 for sewerage (representing 7.6 % of the total population under MWSS service area). Majority of the population utilizes cistern/latrines for their waste disposal.
| Percent of population with access to safe drinking water (2000) |
Percent of population with access to adequate sanitation (2000) |
||
| Urban | 91 | Urban | 93 |
| Rural | 79 | Rural | 69 |
| Total | 86 | Total | 83 |
The total urban population outside MWSS servicearea is served by the Local Water Utilities Administration(LWUA) through 413 operational Water Districts. This accountsfor 58 % of total urban population within LWUA's area ofresponsibility. The rural population, on the other hand, is servedby the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH),Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and theLocal Government Units (LGUs).
| Water – Residential First 10 cu. m. In excess of 10/ cu. m. |
U$ 0.60 U$ 0.25 to 0.26 |
| Water – Industrial – Philea Member I.E. First 1000 cu. m. In excess of 1000 cu. m. |
P 6 to P 16/cu. m. P 8.50 to 18/cu.m. |
First 1000 cu. m.: P 8.50 to 18.00/cu.m.
Power – Residential (ave. kW/ hr.): U$ 0.050
Power – Industrial (kW/hr.): P 2 to P 4.50
In recent years, major improvements were observed in various health, nutrition and population indicators. Still, there remain several concerns. The government will focus on prevention,elimination and eradication of preventable diseases through cost-effective technologies. Shown below are the top ten leading causes of mortality in the Philippines.
| Cause | Male | Female | Total Number | Rate | % of Total Deaths |
| 1. Diseases of the heart | 32,260 | 23,570 | 55,830 | 76.3 | 15.8 |
| 2. Diseases of the vascular system | 23,712 | 17,668 | 41,380 | 56.6 | 11.7 |
| 3. Pneumonia | 17,632 | 16,077 | 33,709 | 46.1 | 9.5 |
| 4. Malignant Neoplasm | 17,457 | 14,633 | 32,090 | 43.9 | 9.1 |
| 5. Accidents | 24,160 | 5,714 | 29,874 | 40.8 | 8.5 |
| 6. Tuberculosis, all forms | 18,874 | 9,167 | 28,041 | 38.3 | 7.9 |
| 7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions | 9,459 | 4,769 | 14,228 | 19.5 | 4.0 |
| 8. Diabetes Mellitus | 4,262 | 4,557 | 8,819 | 12.1 | 2.5 |
| 9. Other diseases of the respiratory system | 3,780 | 3,736 | 7,516 | 10.3 | 2.1 |
| 10. Nephritis, nephritic syndrome and nephrosis | 4,417 | 3,036 | 7,453 | 10.2 | 2.1 |
| Cause | 1 to 4 Years | |||
| Male | Female | Both Sexes | Rate* | |
| 1. Pneumonia | 1,846 | 1,604 | 3,450 | 45.46 |
| 2. Non-specific Diarrheas | 711 | 540 | 1,251 | 16.48 |
| 3. Other ill-defined causes of mortality | 379 | 276 | 655 | 8.63 |
| 4. Congenital Anomalies | 330 | 291 | 621 | 8.18 |
| 5. Dengue-hemorrhagic fever | 217 | 275 | 492 | 6.48 |
| 6. Septicemia | 254 | 231 | 485 | 6.39 |
| 7. Accidents caused by submersion, suffocation and foreign bodies | 285 | 165 | 450 | 5.93 |
| 8. Meningitis | 227 | 159 | 386 | 5.09 |
| 9. Measles | 185 | 154 | 339 | 4.47 |
| 10. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions | 157 | 156 | 313 | 4.12 |
| Cause | 5 to 9 Years | |||
| Male | Female | Both Sexes | Rate* | |
| 1. Pneumonia | 467 | 406 | 873 | 9.61 |
| 2. Dengue-hemorrhagic fever | 337 | 444 | 781 | 8.60 |
| 3. Motor vehicle traffic accidents | 280 | 169 | 449 | 4.94 |
| 4. Accidents caused by submersion, suffocation and foreign bodies | 296 | 130 | 426 | 4.69 |
| 5. Other ill-defined causes of mortality | 171 | 139 | 310 | 3.41 |
| 6. Non-specific Diarrheas | 180 | 114 | 274 | 3.02 |
| 7. Injury undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted | 160 | 114 | 274 | 3.02 |
| 8. Congenital anomalies | 129 | 100 | 229 | 2.52 |
| 9. Septicemia | 113 | 70 | 183 | 2.01 |
| 10. Leukemia | 102 | 67 | 169 | 1.86 |
| Cause | 10 to 14 Years | |||
| Male | Female | Both Sexes | Rate* | |
| 1. Pneumonia | 263 | 205 | 468 | 5.58 |
| 2. Accidents caused by submersion, suffocation and foreign bodies | 252 | 141 | 393 | 4.69 |
| 3. Motor vehicle traffic accidents | 201 | 98 | 299 | 3.56 |
| 4. Injury undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted | 173 | 87 | 260 | 3.10 |
| 5. Dengue hemorrhagic fever | 120 | 124 | 244 | 2.91 |
| 6. Chronic rheumatic heart disease | 118 | 111 | 229 | 2.73 |
| 7. Other ill-defined causes of mortality | 108 | 109 | 217 | 2.59 |
| 8. Congenital Anomalies | 85 | 76 | 161 | 1.92 |
| 9. Leukemia | 88 | 56 | 144 | 1.72 |
| 10. Diseases of pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart disease | 72 | 72 | 144 | 1.72 |
* Rate per 100,000 population of corresponding age-group
Source: Philippine Health Statistics 1998, Department of Health (DOH)
The 1997 National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey suggests that TB remains an important and largely unattended disease burden. The observed prevalence of culture-positive TB was 11.2 per thousand for persons 10 years and older while the prevalence of smear-positive TB was 4.3 per thousand. Among children less than 10 years of age, the culture-positive prevalence rate was 8.1 and the smear-positive prevalence rate was 3.1. BCG scars were noted only on 66 % of the population surveyed. The prevalence of TB infection among those unvaccinated was 63.4 per thousand. The annual risk of infection was estimated to be 2.3 percent.
To hasten further improvements in public health, the government intends to break the vicious cycle of poverty and thus widen access to health and medical care. Todo this, it supports further empowerment of LGUs that will enable them to undertake devolved basic health services effectively. After the devolution, 48 hospitals remained under the DOH as national government facilities. The number has been slowly increasing because of the reclassification of some provincial and district hospitals into regional or national centers.
Further, the national government exerts regulatory powers in health and medical care by setting quality standards for pharmaceutical drugs. Drug companies that violate competition policies risk being sanctioned. This is done at the national rather than at the local level since the national government has a better capacity to get the relevant information about pricing practices of multinational drug-companies.
Worth mentioning is the current government program dubbed as "GMA 50 %." To date the cost of medicines in the Philippines remains high and is even higher by 40 % to 70 % compared to other ASEAN countries. The government budget for drugs and medicines is even too small to procure sufficient quantities of low-cost, essential drugs for the population in need. So in 23 July 2001, H.E.President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo made a commitment to lower the prices of drugs and medicines frequently bought by the poor by 50 %. The primary goal of the project is to ensure that affordable, high quality, safe and effective drugs and medicines are always available, especially to the poor. The strategies employed under GMA 50 include the following:
Several private drug companies, especially the generic drug manufacturers, as part of their marketing activities regularly publish in daily newspapers the prices of their products for the information of the consumers. In so doing, consumers are given an informed choice between branded and generic drugs. This complements the government requirement to pharmacies and other drug outlets to make available to consumers the list of drugs according to its generic name, which is prominently labeled in the medicine packages.
In the area of hospital regulation, the Department of Health (DOH) will continue to operate tertiary hospitals both for training purposes and as a form of a safety net. The national government takes responsibility for training hospitals to ensure uniform standards of quality.
The government has initiated also a program known as "The Doctors to the Barrios Program". Under this program,doctors are deployed as Rural Health Physicians to doctorless municipalities, usually hard to reach, economically underdeveloped areas.
| Private Hospital | Public Hospital | ||
| Predicted Price Charged to | |||
| Charity Patient | 4,590 | 838 | |
| Uninsured Patient | 6,663 | 1,539 | |
| Insured Patient | 8,359 | 2,777 | |
| Cost Per Patient | |||
| Marginal Cost | 2,909 | 2,611 | |
| Average Fixed Cost | 1,398 | 3,270 | |
| Marginal + Average Fixed Cost | 4,307 | 5,881 | |
Source: Solon, et.al.
Child Care and Placement is the provision of alternative parental care to children in especially difficult circumstances whose parents are unable to provide for their basic needs, temporarily or permanently, brought about by problems in family relationship, illness, extreme poverty, lack of parenting preparation, etc., aggravated by lack of family support.
The alternative family care arrangements may be provided through adoption, foster family care, legal guardianship or residential care depending on the needs of the child.
There are four social work interventions under the service as follows:
Adoption
is a socio-legal process which enables a child who cannot be reared by his biological parents acquire legal status wherein he/she can benefit from new relationships with a permanent family. Adoption establishes a parent-child relationship resulting in the same mutual rights and obligations that exist between children and their biological parents.
Adoption is provided for children
Contact for information about adoption:
Kaisahang Buhay Foundation, Inc.
10th Avenue, Cubao, Quezon City
Tel.: 912-1159; 911-4180
Fax: 912-1160
Adoptive Families Foundation
Room K, 2/F Korban Centre
United St., Kapitolyo, Pasig City
Tel.: 632-1807
Fax: 635-3069
Legal guardianship
is a socio-legal process of providing substitute parental care through the appointment of a legal guardian of the child and his/her property until the child reaches the age of majority. This does not give the child equal rights and status as that of the biological or adoptive child like right to a name, inheritance, etc.
Legal guardianship is provided for children
Foster family care
is the provision of planned substitute parental care to a child by a licensed foster family when his/her biological parents are unable to care for him/her temporarily or permanently.
Forster family care is provided for children
Residential care
provides 24-hour residential group care to children on a temporary basis whose needs cannot, at the time, be adequately met by their biological parents and other alternative family care arrangements. It is an approximation of family life to children under the guidance of staff especially trained for this purpose.
Residential care is provided for
These are services provided to children whose parents are unable to provide the required protection and whose conditions demonstrate observable evidence of injurious effects of the failure to meet the children’s basic needs. Immediate intervention are provided to a child who is abandoned, neglected, physically or sexually abused or exploited, to prevent further abuse and exploitation and to assist the child/family to overcome the trauma of such experiences.
This provides for an integrated and comprehensive social welfare services to street children rescued from the streets. The center serves as a processing center prior to the children’s referral to other agencies, if indicated, on return to their families/relatives.
This special project provides social services for transnational children 0 to 17 years of age born from relationships between Filipinos and foreign nationals. In collaboration with other GOs and NGOs services in the form of limited financial and material assistance, educational, legal, medical, practical skills development, repatriation and adoption are extended to them according to their needs.
These services are meant to provide interventions and opportunities to youth offenders with suspended sentence and to assist them and their family. The objective is to rehabilitate and reintegrate youth offenders into the mainstream of society and facilitate their access to developmental opportunities.
This project provides opportunities for the out-of-school youth (OSY) to pursue appropriate and relevant skills development and training projects in preparation for open and self-employment ventures. It is a strategy to support the attainment of Kabataan 2000. OSYs are provided services through weekend youth brigade, educational/support service, livelihood assistance, practical skills development, immersion outreach programs. Meanwhile, through the Government Internship Program, in-school youth or students are also served by DSWD by giving them opportunities to train in government operations in DSWD office units during the summer months.
Residential Services for youth offenders and unwed girls. This involves services to disadvantaged youth in Regional Rehabilitation Centers for Youth Offenders. Sulong Dunong youth scholars and other OSYs who availed of educational assistance and assisted in the Youth Hostel in Region IX are included in the residential-based data. Youth drug dependents are being rehabilitated in the Reception Center for Drug Dependents in Region XI.
This is a center-based skills training and livelihood program for disadvantaged women to increase family income and contribute to the development of their families and communities. Skills training include sewing, toy-making, food processing, ceramics-making, rattan craft, loom weaving and home aide service.
This is a response to the emerging needs of women in especially difficult circumstances to enable them to immediately flee high risk, violent and/or hazardous situation. It is designed to provide them with other social services for their improved psycho-social functioning and prepare them for their eventual return to their families. Its two approaches include:
This is a venue for the self and social enhancement of the elderly through activities such as personality development, the formation of organizations, associations and self-help groups, all leading toward the best interests of the elderly sector. Formerly known as the Day Center for Elderly, it serves as a meeting place for socialization, recreation, information, education and livelihood activities. As of the end of 1999, 130 centers are fully constructed.
Residential services for older persons. This involves services to older persons/elderlies in Homes for Elderly.
It is an Act maximizing the contributions of senior citizens, granting benefits and special privileges and for other purposes.
This Act covers:
The benefits and special privileges granted to senior citizens under this Act include:
To avail of the privileges and benefits provided in RA 7432, a qualified senior citizen should secure first a national identification card (ID) to avail of the privileges provided for in the Act. The ID is provided for free by DSWD and issued to Office for Senior Citizens Affairs (OSCA). OSCA is the office that plans, implements, and monitors yearly work programs for senior citizens in pursuance of the objective of RA 7432. It is established under the Office of the Mayor, headed by a councilor who is designated by the Sangguniang Bayan/Panglungsod. It is assisted by the Municipal/City Social Welfare Officer in coordination with the Municipal/City Federation of Senior Citizens.
To acquire the National ID, enlist at the OSCA in the municipality where he/she resides and present the following documents to OSCA to prove the age of the person:
The National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Persons (NCWDP) is the national government agency mandated to formulate policies and coordinate the activities of al agencies, whether public or private, concerning disability issues and concerns. As such, the NCWDP is tasked to monitor the implementation of several laws to ensure the protection of PWDs’ civil and political rights. These laws include the Republic Act No. 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons), Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (Accessibility Law), Republic Act 6759 (White Cane Act) and ILO Convention No. 159 (vocational rehabilitation of persons with disability). It has also been tasked, through Proclamation No. 125, to coordinate activities and to monitor the observance of the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons (1993 to 2002) in the Philippines. Proclamation No. 125 was issued by the President on January 15, 1993, to enjoin both the government and the private entities to organize projects based on the policy categories mentioned in the agenda for action of the decade.
It provides policy support and technical assistance to GOs, NGOs and POs for the prevention of the causes of disability, rehabilitation and equalization of opportunities for persons with disabilities. Since it was set up in 1978, the NCWDP has become a focal point for national policy on disability issues. It also monitors and reviews policy and program implementation of government, non-government and people’s organizations for the sector.
Through consultations with GOs, NGOs and POs, the NCWDP:
This project aims to provide continuing service to children and out-of-school youth with disabilities identified in the Early Detection, Prevention and Intervention of Disabilities Among 0 to 6 Years Children (EDPID) and Self-Help components of Social Mobilization Project (SOCMOB). With members of the families actively involved and participating in the rehabilitation process, the needed rehabilitation services enhance the physical, social, mental and psychological functioning of the children preparatory to their integration into day care services and regular/special school and/or into the community life.
This is a physical structure in a residential or community-based facility that provides rehabilitation services to abused and exploited children ages 7-17 years old through therapeutic activities. It is equipped with a one-way mirror, audio-video camera recorder system and therapeutic materials appropriate for children.
This involves the provision of temporary substitute custodial care to young children while their mothers are working on night shift. Currently, the project is being pilot-tested in Taytay, Rizal (Region IV). The center also serves as a temporary shelter to working mothers to stay with their children after work until safe enough to go back to their own homes. Strong coordination/partnership between DSWD, LGU of Taytay and the industries is a contributing factor in the success of the implementation.
This is a residential care facility for street children ages 8 to 17 years old that provides 24 hours residential group care on a temporary basis whose needs cannot at the time be adequately met by their biological parents and extended family. The identified sites are in Alabang, Muntinlupa (NCR); Mambusao, Capiz (Region VI); Iligan City (Region XII); and, Surigao City (CARAGA). This project is being worked out to be funded by JICA.
This involves the development of foster families to provide planned alternative parental care to children with special needs which include children who are sexually and physically abused, street children, youth offenders, children with parent’s suffering from HIV/AIDS. It was implemented in NCR where a greater number of child caring agencies have foster care program. Key partners in the implementation of the program are DSWD-NCR, Kaisahang Buhay Foundation, NORFIL Parenting Foundation, Concordia Children’s Services, CRIBS, and the Home of Joy.
This is a community-based strategy of preparing family members to protect themselves against violence and manage resolution of conflict within the context of family resolution. It intends to mobilize the communities and inter-agency groups/structures to consolidate efforts in support to families at risk or exposed to family violence.
This project aims to demonstrate the integrated delivery of social services vis-à-vis day care for children, child minding service, day care service for autist children, day services for senior citizens, supplemental feeding and psychosocial intervention to senior citizens, children and other needy individuals and groups.
This is a special project for disadvantaged women to enable them to acquire knowledge and skills along home management, caregiving of children and elderly, protective behavior and communication/negotiation.
A program for the total development of Indigenous Peoples/Indigenous cultural communities utilizing ethnic values, system, institutions for project management. It is being pilot-tested in the Bugau community of Malamawi island, Isabela, Basilan. Support services extended are Self-Employment Assistance – Kaunlaran livelihood project and Supplemental Feeding.
The Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS) is one of the ten flagship programs under the Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act (RA 8425) and a proven grassroots level development strategy in reducing the unmet minimum basic needs of disadvantaged families and communities.
The Program has ushered in milestones in the field of poverty alleviation particularly in the areas of people empowerment, development management and local governance. Through its four-pronged approach of community organizing, total family approach, convergence and focused targeting, it has manage to empower targeted families and communities to enable them to meet their minimum basic needs (MBNs).
Under the program, families and communities are enabled to identify their minimum basic needs, set their priorities, develop the confidence and the will to work at these needs and take action with respect to them. MBNs refer to survival (health, food and nutrition, clothing, water and sanitation); security (income and livelihood, shelter, peace and order / public safety); and enabling (basic education and literacy, family care/psycho-social, people’s participation in community affairs) needs.
Main features of the approach are:
Direct beneficiaries of the project are an estimated 200 to 250 families belonging to barangays under the 5th and 6th class municipalities and urban poor communities as first priority and disadvantaged communities in 3rd and 4th class municipalities as second priority.
For purposes of manageability and availability of funds, only three poorest barangays in each target municipality and a maximum of three urban poor communities in each target city are covered for the initial year. The succeeding year’s expansion areas are determined by the city/municipal Inter-Agency Committees and funded by LGUs with DSWD providing minimal funding assistance.
Level I – Micro-Enterprise
The Self-Employment Assistance-Kaunlaran program is the Department of Social Welfare and Development’s comprehensive approach and investment in social capital towards poverty alleviation. SEA-K, as the project is known, aims to provide the poor and disadvantaged sector or the society with timely access to credit and development opportunities.
SEA Kaunlaran Associations (SKAs) are organized and assisted to establish community-based, self-managed credit facilities and access community social services. Each association composed of an average of 25 members are provided technical assistance and an average seed capital of P 150,000 for capital of micro-enterprises of members at P 4,000.00 to P 5,000.00 each.
Starting with a revolving fund of P 65 million in 1993, the SEA Project has provided technical and capital assistance to 3,492 successful SKAs all over the country with 86,890 member-families engaged in various micro-enterprises involving a total investment of P 337,146,120.
Level II – Expansion of Micro-Enterprise and Shelter Construction or Home Improvement
Level II is an expansion of level I where seed capital has been expanded to cover shelter needs of members in addition to micro-enterprise.
Successful 2-5 SKAs are transformed into genuine grassroots NGOs known as KABAYANs (Kabuhayan and Kabahayan-Livelihood and Shelter) and are then provide with seed capital for expansion of micro-enterprise projects of member-families at P 10,000 and shelter construction/home improvement at P 25,000 each.
The SEA-K Project undertakes social preparation and provides capability building and technical and financial assistance to individuals who are interested to become members of an SKA in their respective communities.
It is optimistic that as the members’ economic activities grow and the SEA-KABAYANs’ financial capabilities improve, they will be able to leverage other resources from both formal and informal sector.
Inquiries on the SEA-K Project can be addressed to:
Self-Employment Assistance-Kaunlaran Project
Department of Social Welfare and Development
3rd Floor, DSWD Building
Batasan Complex, Quezon City
Tel.: 932-2573
E-Mail: sea@miss.dswd.gov.ph
The Crisis intervention Unit is a special unit operating on a 24-hour basis, which serves as a receiving and action center for walk-in, referred, and rescued individuals and families in crisis situation. As such, it serves as a venue in providing integrated services that include protection and provision of immediate psycho-social services. It also provides accommodation or temporary shelter for a limited period of time.
The unit is headed by a Head Social Worker and is manned with three to six social workers who are trained in counseling and take turn in rendering duty on a three shift. Also, it has a driver and a clerk. In the highly urbanized areas like NCR and Field Offices IV, VII and XI, more personnel are being deployed as there are volumes of clients seeking help and has higher incidences of emergencies. Also, an extension office was created at the DSWD Central Office to cater to the needs of referrals from media, Senators and Congressman. The following is the list on the location of Crisis Intervention Units to include address, telephone numbers and contact persons where clients could immediately contact.
| Region | Contact Person | Address | Tel. No. |
| I | Cherry Pasibe | Quezon Avenue, San Fernando, La Union | (072) 888-4180 |
| II | Marilyn Taguinod | Magallanes Street, Tuguegarao, Cagayan | (078) 844-1856 |
| III | Flor Calalang | Government Center, Maimpis, San Fernando, Pampanga | (044) 860-5629 |
| IV | Primitiva Silapan | Gastambide Street, Sampaloc, Manila | (02) 735-5412-13 |
| V | Ma. Theresa Quismorio | Buragwis, Legazpi City | (052) 481-3801 |
| VI | Asuncion Santiago | Molo Street, Iloilo City | (033) 336-5429 |
| VII | Luz Tamoza | MJ Cuenco cor. Gen. Maxillon Ave., Cebu City | (032) 232-9507 |
| VIII | Elsa Onida | Magsaysay Avenue, Tacloban City | (053) 325-2906 |
| IX | Marilyn Fabian | S.G. Alvarez Street, Zamboanga City | (062) 991-4113 |
| X | Carmen Fabian | Km. 5 Upper Canitoan, Cagayan de Oro City | (088) 723-2977 |
| XI | Pedrita Dimakiling | Suazon Street cor. Magsaysay Ave., Davao City | (082) 227-8716 |
| XII | Bailano Salik | ORC Compound, Cotabato City | (0917) 402-3204 |
| NCR | Lorelie Suelo | 389 San Rafael cor. Legarda Streets, Manila | (02) 734-8617 / 35 |
| CAR | Mandy Ramos | 40 North Drive Street, Leonardo Wood Road, Baguio City | (074) 444-3209 |
| CARAGA | Wilma Ungab | Alviola Village, Baan, Butuan City | (085) 341-3565 |
| Central Office | Delia Q. Pamani | Batasan Pambansa Complex, Quezon City | (02) 951-7433 |
Services offered include:
Provision of limited financial assistance for the following:
Those who can avail of the services include the following:
The school system is state-run, meaning the basic structure is determined by the government. There are three governing bodies responsible for each level: the Department of Education (DepEd) supervises elementary and high school education, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) supervises university and higher education and the Technical and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) supervises vocational training. The government bodies are given authority to regulate public and private schools with certain standards. These standards include: faculty qualifications, curriculum, class schedules, size of school area, land ownership, etc.
In the Philippines, kindergarten and preschool education is a private sector initiative. Preschool education became a lucrative form of business in the 1990’s. The business climate may have played a role because families with both parents at work saw it as an opportunity for the development of their children’s intellectual, socio-emotional and motor skills as early as two years old. Children who had attended kindergarten would be more prepared for entering private elementary education. Preschool teachers are required to have a degree in Early Childhood Education or an Education degree to qualify for a teaching position. Because it’s a private sector initiative, teachers are generally well-paid.
Pre-school graduates are basically expected to have developed reading readiness, learned classification, symmetry and certain numeracy skills in preparation for grade school mathematics, not to mention developed some motor, physical and social skills to give them a head start for the "big school."
Public schools are not required to apply for a permit because they are state-operated. Public schools are funded from the national and local government budget. Public schools in Makati, the country’s premiere business district are highly-equipped as against public schools in the Visayas or the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao.
The main attraction in the public school system is that it’s free. However, pupils and teachers have to bear the teacher-pupil ratio at a minimum of 1:80 and a maximum of 1:120. To solve the shortage in infrastructure, the public schools conduct only four hours of class to accommodate three shifts a day. A sample class schedule would be 6:00 to 10:00 a.m, 10:00 to 2:00 p.m. and 2:00 to 6:00 p.m.
Teachers must have a degree in Elementary or High School Education and must have passed the Licensure Exam for Teachers, a state-administered exam to qualify a teacher for employment in the public school. For a long time, public school teachers were not paid very well. But that has changed now. Many teachers aspire to teach in the public system because of the good salary. Public school teachers start with a salary of P 8,000. The new teacher doesn’t get paid until after the first six months of employment so the family gets by with loans made from unscrupulous loan sharks who charge very high interest rates.
Private schools are required to apply for a permit to operate every year. They are required to do this until they get government accreditation. The government body conducts annual inspections. Unfortunately, the process is very slow and it is normal for applications to take six months or more to process. There are instances wherein the school year has come to an end and the government body has yet to send their official reply to the schools whether their application was accepted or rejected. Given this system, there are still many private schools that operate without a state permit. It may be said that without the private schools, the majority of Filipino children will not get an education.
Private schools are funded from tuition fees and donations. For this reason, private school education is expensive.
Teachers must have a degree in Elementary or High School Education but not required to have passed the Licensure Exam for Teachers. For a long time, private school teachers were generally paid better than public school teachers. The state was put under pressure to upgrade the salaries of public school teachers to bridge the gap. Private school teachers start with a salary of P 8,000. In contrast to the public schools, the teacher-pupil ratio is at a minimum 1:6 and a maximum of 1:30. Private schools have 8 hours of class a day.
As a Department of Education (DepEd) prescription, the elementary education curriculum is designed to help schoolchildren accomplish minimum learning competencies at every grade level. In the traditional schools, which is the majority in the country, lesson content is based mainly on textbooks. Public schools throughout the country use uniform textbooks selected by the Department of Education. Private schools on the other hand choose from a selection of DepEd approved textbooks offered by different publication agencies. These agencies directly promote their textbooks to private schools.
There is also a growing number of private schools that use the so-called "alternative curriculum". These schools do comply with learning competency requirements. However, they do not rely on textbooks as the "mainframe" of their instruction. One main contention is that textbook dependence stifles opportunities to explore other learning avenues that may arise out of assigned concepts and skills. Teachers from these schools may develop their own course content and support their teaching with a variety of resource and instructional materials. They are also given more elbow room to try out dynamic teaching approaches which are far removed from the usual inductive/deductive teaching methods generally employed by textbook-based schools.
The total number of HEIs as of July 2002 is 1,452, of which 1,282 are private while 170 are public. Of the private HEIs, 963 (66.32 %) are non-sectarian while 319 (21.97 %) are sectarian. The public HEIs include 111 (7.64 %) State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), 42 (2.89 %) Local Universities/Colleges (LUCs), 10 Other Government Schools, one CHED Supervised Institutions (CSI), and four Special HEIs.
The number of private HEIs has increased at an average annual rate of 3.14 % for 1995-2000. On the other hand, the number of public HEIs has decreased to 164 from 265 in 1998 as a result of the implementation of Phase I of the Integration Program wherein 31 CSIs were integrated to SUCs in 1999. Another 59 CSIs were again integrated to SUCs under Phase II of the program in 2000. Moreover, eight CSIs opted to transfer to TESDA and one returned to DECS.
In terms of regional distribution as of October 2001, the National Capital Region (NCR) has the most number of HEIs (267), followed by Region IV (215), and then Region III (141). The Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) has the least number of HEIs (22) and followed by Cordillera Administrative Region (30) in the counting.
The preliminary enrolment for 2000-2001 has an aggregate of 2,637,039. In terms of enrolment by sector, 73.11 %of the total are in private HEIs. The remaining 26.89 % are enrolled in public HEIs.
Relative to enrolment by discipline group for 2000-2001, the discipline with the most number of enrolment is Business Administration and Related programs (825,543) followed by Education and Teacher training (476,795)
then by Engineering and Technology (350,664) and Mathematics and Information Technology (218,675).
The preliminary number of graduates for 2000-2001 is 385,349. In terms of graduates by sector, 69.87 % of the total number of are graduates from private HEIs while the remaining 30.13 % are from public HEIs.
The number of beneficiaries of the CHED STUFAPs in 2001-2002 is 40,294 reflecting a 10.21 % decrease compared to 44,876 in 2000-2001. The decrease is due to low budget ceiling from the DBM. The top three regions with the most number of beneficiaries were Regions IV, XII and NCR.
A total of P 482.9 Million was allocated for various scholarships and student loan programs administered by CHED for 2000-2001. Of the total amount, 77.53 % was appropriated based on the General Appropriations Act and the rest from the Higher Education Development Fund (HEDF).
The Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines (FAAP) as the umbrella organization of accrediting agencies has accredited a total of 597 higher education programs in 1998-1999 and 743 in 2000-2001, hence, an increase of 24 %. Of the 743 programs, 643 are baccalaureate, 65 are Master’s and 5 are Doctoral. In terms of accreditation level, 152 are Level I, 445 are Level II and 146 are Level III. The number of HEIs with accredited programs in 1998-1999 is 152 and 160 in 2000-2001, hence, an increase of 5.3 %.
Source: Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) was established through the enactment of Republic Act No. 7796 otherwise known as the "Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994", which was signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on August 25, 1994. This Act aims to encourage the full participation of and mobilize the industry, labor, local government units, technical-vocational institutions and civil society in the skills development of the country's human resources.
The merging of the National Manpower and Youth Council (NMYC) of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), the Bureau of Technical and Vocational Education (BTVE) of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), and The Apprenticeship Program of the Bureau of Local Employment (BLE) of the DOLE gave birth to TESDA.
A major thrust of TESDA is the formulation of a comprehensive development plan for middle-level manpower based on the National Technical Education and Skills Development Plan. This plan shall provide for a reformed industry-based training program that includes apprenticeship, dual training system and other similar schemes.
TESDA is mandated to:
At the same time, TESDA is expected to:
Overall, TESDA formulates manpower and skills plans, sets appropriate skills standards and tests, coordinates and monitors manpower policies and programs, and provides policy directions and guidelines for resource allocation for the TVET institutions in both the private and public sectors.
Source: TESDA
The Technical Vocational Education and Training reforms consist of four major components, namely:
Section 2 of Republic Act No. 7796 declares that it is "the policy of the state to provide relevant, accessible, high quality and efficient technical education and skills development in support of High Quality Filipino Middle-level Manpower responsive to and in accordance with the Philippine Development Goals and Priorities". Likewise, the vision of TESDA is to "catalyze and strengthen productive partnerships with all stakeholders working together for a dynamic TESD System that responds quickly and creatively to the changing environment and markets."
Trade Areas for Competency Assessment
Who May Apply
What Documents to be Presented
Other Requirements
Procedure in Applying for a Trade Test
The Apprenticeship Program is training within employment with compulsory related instructions involving a contract between an apprentice and an employer on an approved apprenticeable occupation. The Learnership Program is a practice training on the job for non-apprenticeable occupations whether or not it is supplemented by theoretical instructions, for a period not exceeding three months
Objectives
To help meet the demand of the economy for trained manpower; to establish a national
apprenticeship program through the participation of employers, workers and government
and non-government agencies; and
to establish apprenticeship standards for the protection of apprentices.
Target Beneficiaries
Apprentice Establishments/Companies, List of Apprenticeable Trades, List of Learnable
Trades
The Dual Training System (DTS) is an instructional mode of delivery for technology-based education and training in which learning takes place alternately in two venues: the school or training center and the company.
One of the strategic approaches on this program is the conversion of selected industry practices/ programs registered under the apprenticeship program into DTS modality.
Objectives
To strengthen manpower education and training in the Philippines by institutionalizing
the DTS as an instructional delivery system of technical and vocational education and
training (TVET).
Target Beneficiaries
Trainees/ Students, Companies, Schools, Training Centers, Training Institutions,
IBs/Industry Associations, LGUs, NGOs, GOs, Parents, Teachers, Trainers
Benefits of the Dual Training System ...
... for students
... for companies
... for schools
Accreditation procedure
Schools or training centers and business establishments interested in adopting the dual training system must apply for accreditation with TESDA. Accreditation is necessary to ensure quality training and prevent abuses in program implementation. To qualify for accreditation, the school or training center must have the necessary facilities, equipment, qualified teachers, and training plan.
To become a DTS cooperator, a company must apply for accreditation through an accredited school. The company accepting trainees must have the necessary equipment and workshop areas for hands-on training, qualified trainers, and training plan.
The Technology and Livelihood Resource Center (TLRC) is a government-owned and controlled corporation attached to the Office of the President. It was created on February 23, 1977 through Presidential Decree 1097.
For the past 25 years, the TLRC has contributed much to the socio-economic goals of the National Government through the provision of programs, products and services that aim to improve the Filipinos’ livelihoods and incomes and to develop their entrepreneurial skills.
Fulfilling its mandate as the technology and livelihood center, TLRC has packaged and promoted the commercial application of technology as the engine for growth and development. By this, TLRC seeks to bridge the gap between technology and its use by the most number of people – giving life to the power of knowledge.
Towards this end, the TLRC has pioneered in the development and implementation of livelihood and business technology training aimed at providing aspiring and practicing entrepreneurs with the skills and techniques in establishing, managing and sustaining a business. To date, the Center has developed some 300 courses in home-based and agri / aqua-based businesses. Following are some of its offered courses:
For the details on the above training categories, one can access the http://www.tlrc.gov.ph/training or contact the:
Business Training Technology Department
Training and Information Services Group
7/F, Citystate Centre Building
709 Shaw Boulevard, Pasig City
Tel.: 633-57-09; 633-58-10
As part of the national strategy to update the country's human resources on the latest available practices, techniques and technology, government and private sector employees are sent to international and local trainings. The training period may vary from one to more than a year.
Generally, trainees prior to attendance to the training are required to sign service contracts depending either on the amount or length of the training. For government employees, a service contract is signed between the agency and the employee. This is to ensure that the government will gain from the learnings of the employee considering that while in training the employee still gets all the salaries and benefits he/she is entitled to. Government service contracts are placed in the ratio of 1:2, i.e., for every one unit of training there corresponds two units of work in the government (same or different agency). This applies to trainings of at least six months. For the private companies, this depends on the internal policy of the company. There are companies that would require a month of service for every one thousand peso of training cost.
There are really no hard fast rules on the reintegration of a trainee. Upon return, the trainee is expected to work for the same unit of the agency/company in view of the service contract that was signed between the employer and employee.
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